Order Siluriformes
Family Loricariidae
Subfamily Loricariinae
Genus Pseudohemiodon
— Chameleon Whiptail — Pseudohemiodon apithanos [Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1978]. Ecuador, Conejo River, Río San Miguel. About 15 cm. Beige background coloration, with a central stripe on the head that widens to form a broad stripe on the back. The caudal fin is black. When frightened, the fish turns completely dark.
Peaceful. In mature males, the lower lip is better developed than in females. The male incubates the eggs on his lower lip. It is advisable to use sand as a substrate. They can live on fine gravel and bare bottoms, but feel noticeably less comfortable. Decorations (bogwood, rocks, plants) should not occupy most of the bottom. pH 6.4-7.6; T 26-28°C.
— Giant Whiptail Catfish — Pseudohemiodon laticeps [Regan, 1904]. Paraguay. 25 cm. One of the most unusual loricariid catfishes. The body is elongated and strongly flattened. The widest part of this species is located behind the head. It can make up about 40% of the fish’s length. The mouth funnel is surrounded by amusing numerous thread-like barbels. When viewed from the side or front on a fish lying on the bottom, it is almost impossible to notice. Camouflage is enhanced by coloration.
The fish is dull-colored, belly is white, back and sides are yellow or brown with numerous brown speckles. The upper lobe of the caudal fin ends in a long filament. It leads a solitary, crepuscular, and nocturnal lifestyle. Does not damage plants. Difficult to keep, substrate must be sand only, as it burrows into the substrate leaving only tiny eyes visible. Hiding places, including bogwood, are required. Dim lighting. Powerful filtration, aeration, water changes. dH 3-20°; pH 6.5-7.0; T 24-28°C.
Rineloricaria sp. “RED” L 010A, Rineloricaria eigenmanni, fallax.
Loricaria cataphracta, Loricaria simillima. 
