Different natural conditions produce different water. Depending on its properties, water promotes or inhibits life processes. Water contains substances that give it properties such as color, transparency, odor, as well as hardness values dH and hydrogen ion concentration pH. The aquarium ecosystem is subject to rapid changes. When interfering with the life of the aquarium, one must know what processes take place in it and what results they have led to.
• Most aquarium fish are very demanding; A decrease in oxygen concentration affects fish development; At too high water temperatures; Plants are the main supplier of oxygen in the aquarium; Content of dissolved oxygen in water.
Oxygen regime in the aquarium.
• Dissolved oxygen in water is most important for fish; Oxygen absorption from the atmosphere occurs; The rate of oxygen consumption increases; The larger the water surface area; According to their oxygen demand, fish are usually divided into four groups; Lake Cichlidae have quite strict requirements; Oxygen starvation leads to disease and death of fish.
What affects water saturation with oxygen.
• To create normal gas exchange between water and air; Oxygen concentration in aquarium water; Factors affecting the decrease of oxygen in water; With poor sanitary condition of the aquarium; Water oxidizability is a quantitative indicator.
Factors influencing water oxygenation.
• What factors affect water saturation with oxygen? So that the incoming oxygen is evenly distributed; Temperature values; Physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological processes; Carbon dioxide; Insufficient water aeration; Large snail population; Excessive amount of gases in water; If there is not enough oxygen in the water.
• Practically, there are two methods of directing filtration water; Aeration should be carried out using; Fish breathe oxygen and release carbon dioxide; But if in densely populated aquariums; Regular water changes are necessary to limit nitrate content.
• The most important properties and water quality indicators in a freshwater aquarium; In houses with old water pipes; Calcium and magnesium content in water determine; Optimal water parameters for various fish; Oxidation-reduction process; Nitrogen cycle in the aquarium.
Impurities contained in water.
• Organic substances dissolve in water; Basic salt composition; Toxicity of iron compounds depends on; Toxic action of copper salts; Symptoms of free chlorine poisoning; Table of basic hydrochemical water parameters.
• pH is the most important characteristic of water; The pH value can be extremely variable; Soft water drastically changes acidity; Adaptation of fish to existing conditions is necessary; Water is classified by acidity.
• Water acidity, active reaction of hydrogen ions, pH value; If fish end up in water with critical values; To reduce sharp fluctuations, it is recommended; Monitor changes in pH levels.
• pH — KH — CO2 equilibrium; With increasing carbonate hardness, CO2 concentration increases; Increasing carbonic acid concentration causes; How ammonium/ammonia and nitrites/nitrates affect the pH value; Chronic nitrate poisoning; Determination of active water reaction index – pH; pH measurement is carried out by two methods;
• Buffer capacity and buffer crash; Buffering level depends on carbonate and bicarbonate levels; The ability of a solution to maintain the hydrogen ion value; Substrate, a piece of wood can be considered a buffer; Buffering and alkalinity are closely related; Buffer crash – a sharp change in pH value; What buffering level is needed for the aquarium?
The effect of pH in the aquarium.
• The effect of pH on the life of fish and plants; The most suitable water for most aquarium inhabitants; If the water in the aquarium is intensively mixed; If the aquarium has very acidic water; If the aquarium water has a high pH level.
Ways to increase or decrease pH.
• Special chemical agents to change pH; Acidification of added water can be done; Peat filtration of water; Making it more alkaline can be done by adding; Usually, when transferring fish, two important factors are considered.
• Freshwaters differ greatly in hardness; General hardness is the sum of temporary and permanent hardness; Only extreme values are dangerous for them; Most fish and plants are able to successfully adapt.
• Hardness is one of the most important parameters of freshwater; Calcium and magnesium content in water determine; Results of hardness determination are usually expressed; Water hardness scale; Before setting up an aquarium; When selecting fish for the aquarium, it is necessary.
The effect of hardness on aquatic organisms.
• Water hardness has a great influence; The ability to distinguish water parameters such as hardness and softness; If you introduce fish from hard-water regions; The fish itself will fight for its life to the end; Aquatic plants quite sensitive to water hardness.
The effect of substrate on water hardness.
• The effect of substrate, decorations, and shelters on water hardness; The material of decorations and substrate is chosen depending on; Always test substrate for suitability before buying; Stones made of dolomite, limestone, shale, marble.
The effect of water hardness on acidity.
• Most aquarists use tap water; A natural buffer to restrain fluctuations; There is a certain relationship between water hardness and buffering; Many fish, invertebrates, and plants need; Insufficient water aeration; Aquariums with low carbonate hardness.
How to increase or decrease hardness.
• Decreasing water hardness; Diluting source water with distilled water; Using ion-exchange resins, osmotic filters; Freezing; Boiling; Peat.
How to increase or decrease hardness-2.
• Increasing water hardness; Adding calcium and/or magnesium salts; Adding baking soda; Sodium bicarbonate; Calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate; Marble; Limestone; Determining water hardness using soap.
• Ammonium is the first stage of protein decomposition; Ammonia is a colorless gas with a suffocating pungent odor; Where does ammonia come from and what actually poisons fish? Ammonia concentration increases due to; The ratio of ammonia and ammonium in water depends on water pH.
• Nitrates are significantly less toxic; Nitrification is the further decomposition of dissolved ammonia by special bacteria; Nitrate is the end product of nitrification; In the upper layer of the aquarium substrate; Nitrites are formed during the oxidation of salts; After starting a new aquarium, the nitrite level; Fish of different species do not have the same resistance.
• This is a toxic substance, a potent poison; Chloramines are toxic and their removal is difficult; Chemical purification; Adsorption method.
• Copper in aquarium water; One of the most poisonous heavy metals; Iron in aquarium water; When there is too much iron in the water; Phosphates in aquarium water; They can lead to rapid algal growth.
• Water turbidity, water bloom, surface film; Water color in the aquarium; Tannin extracts give color to water; Why does water turn green and “bloom” in the aquarium? Combating water “bloom”.
• Film on the water surface; If the film is of bacterial origin; Oily film on the water surface; Colloid-like film.
Water turbidity in the aquarium.
• In the most harmless case, water turns cloudy due to; If water turbidity is of bacterial nature; When starting to combat cloudiness; A good remedy against water turbidity; From medicinal products.
• What to do if the water in the aquarium is cloudy. Massive reproduction of bacteria in the water; Improper use of chemicals; Massive reproduction of unicellular algae; Giving water a cozy amber color can be achieved by adding; Medicinal preparations can color the water; Insufficient filtration.
• During partial water change, its positive properties are preserved; Water change is a way to add trace elements; Water change is one of the main methods of combating algae; In an overpopulated aquarium can.
• Water in the aquarium is completely changed in exceptional cases; Super-water change of aquarium water implies a large water change in one go, but in several steps; Using an internal filter for water change.
• What water to pour during changes; You need to pour water whose temperature and hardness; Why do aquarium walls and plant leaves become covered with air bubbles after a water change?
• How often to change water? Replacing half of the medium will disrupt equilibrium stability; Regular water changes depend on; The only way to remove organic compounds; Frequency of water change and volume of water replaced.
• For each fish species, there is an upper and lower temperature limit; At what temperature should fish be kept in the aquarium? The effect of temperature on the life of fish; Many fish can withstand short-term; A stimulus for reproduction of many species; At lowered water temperatures; Before adding fresh water to the aquarium.
The effect of water temperature on fish.
• Depends on water temperature; Set the heater to the temperature; Increase in water temperature; Hypothermia leads to; If the temperature difference is more than; Water temperature also affects; Ammonia level; Tap water must be.
Temperature for keeping Cichlidae.
• Temperature for keeping African Cichlidae; Temperature for keeping American Cichlidae; Water temperature in a planted aquarium; What to do if the aquarium heating system fails?
• Higher plants of the aquarium garden; At elevated temperatures, all processes; The higher the temperature in the aquarium, the more; Gas solubility in water; For most species and varieties, you can use.
Overheating or cooling of water in the aquarium.
• As a rule, during aquarium overheating fish; The bulk of aquarium plants are tropical inhabitants; During hot periods it is necessary; It is usually recommended to install several small-sized fans under the cover.
Cooling aquarium water in the heat.
• How to help fish survive in the heat; Intensive water blowing; Small low-voltage fans; Hydrogen peroxide; Cooler system for cooling water in the aquarium; To make a cooler, it is necessary.
• Why do you need to know the redox potential value; Aquatic plants growing in running waters; Plants growing in stagnant water bodies; Redox potential value; Indicator of water saturation with organic substances; Value of oxidation-reduction potential.
Oxidation-reduction potential.
• Redox potential, or oxidation-reduction potential; Oxygen has the most powerful oxidizing capacity in water; Oxidation and reduction processes are closely related; Approximate rH indicators for some aquarium plants.
Oxidation-reduction potential-2.
• There are several ways to increase rH in the aquarium; Main methods of maintaining redox potential; Express analysis of aquarium water pollution degree; Permanganate oxidizability.
• Electrical conductivity is the ability of an aqueous solution to conduct electric current; Electrical conductivity of natural water depends on the degree of mineralization and temperature; Water mineralization is characterized by specific electrical conductivity; Is a characteristic replacing redox potential; Electrical conductivity should be determined.
• Products for aquarium water by Tetra; Products for aquarium water by ZMF; Products for aquarium water by Dennerle; Products for aquarium water by Aqua Medic; Products for aquarium water by Aquacons; Products for aquarium water by Aquarium Pharmaceuticals; Products for aquarium water by NILPA; Products for aquarium water by other companies.
Products for aquarium water-2.
• Products for aquarium water by Sera; Products for aquarium water by Tropical; Products for aquarium water by JBL.
